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Modern coal chemical industry
2017-02-04738
On December 28, 2016, Shenhua Ningmei Group Co., Ltd. held a ceremony to celebrate the output oil of 4 million tons / year indirect coal liquefaction project in Ningdong energy and chemical base project area. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, chairman of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made important instructions on the completion and operation of the project. This significant benefit has injected a dose of stimulant into the dormant modern coal chemical industry, and also added a bright spot to the coal industry in 2017 in addition to the much concerned capacity reduction.
Technology breakthrough dawn
Traditional coal chemical industry has a long history. In fact, modern chemical industry is originated from coal chemical industry. Due to the characteristics of China's resource endowment, coal is the main provider of energy and chemical raw materials, and plays an undoubted important role in China's national economic development and energy security. However, due to the limitation of technology, coal utilization has become the main source of environmental pollution. In the future, the only way out is to solve the difficulties with technological progress and develop a new generation of coal chemical industry.
Modern coal chemical industry is committed to the economic, efficient and clean transformation and utilization of coal. Its products mainly include coal (methanol) to olefin filter, coal to glycol filter, coal (methanol) to aromatics filter, coal to oil filter, coal to natural gas filter, etc. Through the improvement and process strengthening of traditional coal chemical industry, the development, improvement and perfection of new technology, and the integration and coupling of the system, the modern coal chemical industry which is still in development is gradually formed. The combination of coal chemical industry and coal power project can greatly improve the energy conversion efficiency. In the conventional power system, even if the ultra supercritical boiler is used, the energy conversion efficiency of coal is only 39%. If the conventional power system is combined with coal chemical industry, the energy conversion efficiency is expected to reach 52% by adopting the multi generation technology based on coal gasification.
The investment of modern coal chemical engineering projects is huge, for example, the investment budget of Shenhua Ningxia coal indirect liquefaction project of 4 million tons / year coal has reached 55 billion yuan. In terms of economy, modern coal chemical industry is inferior to petrochemical industry. Therefore, the development of coal chemical industry is slow, which also restricts the speed of related technology research and development to a certain extent. Nevertheless, coal chemical industry has made some key technological breakthroughs in recent years.
Coal gasification is not only the key of modern coal chemical industry, but also the difficulty of modern coal chemical industry. Its capacity has become the decisive factor to restrict the capacity of coal chemical industry. In order to strengthen the gasification process, China's relevant enterprises actively explore new technologies and processes in a number of demonstration projects. At present, the daily processing capacity of the gasifier has been increased to more than 3000 tons, and it is developing to 4000 tons. Thanks to technological progress, only 28 gasifiers need to be installed in the above 4 million tons / year indirect coal liquefaction project of shenhuaning coal.
Another problem in coal gasification process is to deal with complex and diverse coal resources. Most of the coal mined in China is low metamorphic coal, and most of them are high alkali coal. Pre-treatment before gasification is the premise to ensure the normal operation of modern coal chemical technology. The reason why a domestic coal to gas project encountered an accident in the early stage of production is due to the lack of awareness of the composition, nature of coal and its impact on the gasification process. Alkaline substances such as potassium and sodium in high alkali coal volatilized at high temperature and eroded the inner wall of the reaction furnace. It is necessary to develop modern coal chemical industry on a large scale, analyze the deep characterization of coal and take appropriate pretreatment measures. It is gratifying to note that there are many research teams working on these problems.
In terms of economic disadvantages, modern coal chemical industry is required to reduce the conversion steps as much as possible. Taking coal to olefin as an example, first coal should be gasified and purified, then methanol can be produced from syngas, and then olefin can be produced from methanol. The production process is very long, and each additional link will lead to a part of efficiency loss. So, can we directly use syngas to produce olefins? At present, the authoritative magazine Nature has confirmed that China has made a major breakthrough in the study of direct coal gasification to olefins. Under the action of new composite catalyst, the synthesis gas produced by coal gasification can be directly converted into low-carbon olefins by one-step reaction with high selectivity, which has overturned the Fischer Tropsch route followed by coal chemical industry for more than 90 years. It is true that there is still a long way to go before the relevant technologies are applied in industry, but at least the modern coal chemical enterprises see the dawn of solving the problem.
Generally speaking, China's modern coal chemical technology has been in the leading level in the world, but the technical maturity of the whole industrial chain still needs to be further improved. Due to the low economic development at home and abroad, the weak energy demand, the validation of some new coal chemical technology and industrial demonstration, the process cleanliness to be improved, and limited by the water resources needed for the development of coal chemical industry, China's modern coal chemical industry is currently in a dormant period. After this period of technology exploration and accumulation, it should usher in greater development. This development is not necessarily manifested in volume and capacity, but may be a great breakthrough in technology. Once the relevant technology has made a breakthrough, economic, environmental pollution and other issues may be solved.
Environmental protection measures need to be taken
At present, China's oil dependence on foreign countries is more than 60%. Energy security is a problem that has to be considered. There are two aspects of the use of petroleum, one is as fuel, the other is as chemical raw materials. 90% of the chemicals in the world come from petroleum. For China, which is rich in coal and poor in oil and gas, to develop modern coal chemical industry can
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