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A breakthrough in deep water oil and gas - Subsea plant
2017-02-08660
Since the second half of 2014, the steep fall of international oil price has brought a heavy blow to the global oil industry. In addition to measures such as selling oil and gas assets, reducing investment, layoffs and salary cuts, major oil companies have also taken the same measures to promote cost reduction and efficiency increase through scientific and technological innovation. As far as the development cost of deep-sea oil and gas resources is higher, the pursuit of more economic and efficient new technology has become the only way to cross the development barrier. At this time, the new thing "undersea factory" came into being.
Statoil is the proponent of the new concept of "subsea plant", and the pioneer of subsea development of offshore oil and gas. Its projects cover all major types of subsea development.
"Submarine plant" is to use underwater equipment to carry out fluid filtration and separation treatment on the seabed, so as to improve the ultimate oil and gas recovery, reduce the input of sea surface filtration treatment equipment, reduce the impact on the environment, and realize the economic and efficient development of offshore oil and gas. It is an "underwater oil and gas filtration treatment system" which integrates oil, gas and water three-phase separation technology, underwater pressurization technology, processed crude oil storage seabed and reinjection after output treatment.
Compared with the traditional underwater production system, there are four key technology breakthroughs in "submarine plant", namely, submarine pressurization system, submarine gas compression system, submarine filtration and separation system, and submarine power transmission and distribution system. The subsea pressurization system is the core of the subsea plant, which can lift the oil and gas produced from the subsea to the offshore platform; the subsea gas compression system is the key to tap the remaining oil and gas resources and improve the ultimate recovery of the gas reservoir; the subsea filtration and separation system can realize the separation of oil, gas and water on the seabed; the high reliability of the subsea power transmission and distribution system has a great influence on the successful application of the subsea plant in the future A very critical role.
"Subsea plant" may provide a good choice for the economic and efficient development of deep-water oil and gas fields in China, but its successful application requires the joint cooperation of oil companies and equipment manufacturers. At present, foreign countries have made some achievements in this field, but our country has just started in this field. Oil companies should strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, learn from foreign mature experience, and speed up the pace of research in this field.
Subsea pressurization system
According to the fluid characteristics, the subsea pressurization system can be divided into booster pump and compressor. Underwater booster pump is a relatively mature underwater production process equipment. At present, the deepest installation record of the underwater booster pump is BP's King oil field in the Gulf of Mexico, with a water depth of about 1670 meters. Through the application of the underwater booster pump, it is predicted that the oil field's production can be increased by 20%, oil recovery can be increased by 7%, and the economic life of the oil field can be extended by 5 years. The world's first underwater wet gas compressor is used in Norway's or menlange gas field, which directly transports the gas from the wellhead to the onshore terminal 120 km away.
Subsea gas compression system
Statoil, together with a number of suppliers, jointly developed the first subsea natural gas compression system in the world in 2015, which took 10 years, spent about 11 million man hours and adopted more than 40 new technologies. The application of this technology to a gas field in the Norwegian Sea (with a water depth of about 300m) opens a new opportunity for oil companies to develop oil and gas in deeper waters far from the coast. Compared with traditional platform compression, this technology can not only improve the efficiency of energy recovery, but also significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.
Subsea filtration and separation water production system
Many oil companies have successfully applied this technology, which makes some reservoirs that cannot be produced by conventional production system become economically recoverable. Petrobras has deployed a separation system to separate heavy oil and water from the deep sea bottom at a depth of 900m in marlim oil field of Campos Basin. The first step is gas-liquid separation, followed by oil-water separation, breaking the bottleneck of limited processing capacity of floating production units. The system uses Hydrocyclone technology to separate oil and water, and reinjects the produced water into the reservoir to maintain the reservoir pressure. At the same time, a sand liquid injection system is installed at the outlet of the tubular separator to remove the sand particles in the water, prevent damage to the water injection system, damage the reservoir, and transport the produced sand and crude oil to the ground for treatment.
Submarine power transmission and distribution system
Installation of underwater production process equipment requires more power support, so it is necessary to adopt high-voltage power transmission and distribution mode, with the support of underwater power distribution equipment, including underwater power step-down transformer, medium voltage switchgear and frequency converter. Different from the similar equipment on the water surface, these equipment should consider the special underwater environment, and meet the requirements of quick connection operation and maintenance free underwater. Statoil, in cooperation with abb, Switzerland, has developed a transmission, distribution and power conversion system suitable for water depths of 3000 meters and a distance of more than 600 kilometers, providing up to 100 megawatts of power supply for large subsea pumps and gas compressors. The submarine transmission and distribution system uses a single power cable to supply power and bears a variety of power loads. Compared with the existing one cable for each load, the cost can be greatly reduced. The technology is in the research and development stage and has not been applied.
Development status of offshore oil Underwater Technology
The traditional subsea production system was developed in 1960s. It uses subsea completion technology combined with fixed platform, floating production platform and other facilities to form different offshore oil field development forms. It can avoid the construction of expensive offshore oil production platform, save a lot of construction investment, and is less affected by disasters
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