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Continuous breakthroughs have been made in coal to oil technology innovation in China
2017-02-14623
Not long ago, the first batch of products were loaded and shipped in the demonstration project of indirect coal liquefaction with an annual output of 4 million tons of Shenhua Ningmei group, which marked that China's construction of the largest single unit coal to oil filter project in the world has achieved phased results. Under the background of continuous breakthroughs in technological innovation, how far is coal to oil from large-scale commercialization? What is the development blueprint of coal to oil during the 13th five year plan?
In recent years, China has made continuous breakthroughs in coal to oil technology innovation. However, with the rapid development of coal to oil, there are many doubts in society, such as energy conversion efficiency and water use. From a technical point of view, how to solve these problems?
Yue Fubin, President of China Coal Economic Research Institute: the development of coal to oil is conducive to ensuring national energy security and solving the problem of high-end oil shortage in China. From the point of view of energy revolution, the clean utilization of coal can be realized by not burning coal directly and converting it into oil as raw material. From the perspective of industrial layout, coal to oil projects are put in the West. With the completion and development of these projects, the economic and social development of the western region can be promoted.
In the development of coal to oil, many people have raised concerns and doubts. Now it seems that these questions have basically been answered. For example, some people think that it is not worth replacing one energy source with three. In fact, the energy acquisition rate of coal-fired oil is higher than that of power plants; it wastes water, but the closed-circuit recycling rate of water resources has reached more than 90%, which is more water-saving than general industrial projects, and there is not too much evaporation and leakage, so it can be recycled after cleaning; it is said that coal-fired oil will emit a lot of carbon dioxide, which will pollute the environment. In fact, carbon dioxide emissions from coal to oil are centralized, easy to capture and collect, and can be used as raw materials to turn waste into treasure.
Jiao Hongqiao, deputy chief engineer of Shenhua Ningxia coal industry group: the construction cycle of a million ton coal to oil project generally takes 4 to 5 years. In this process, through the construction of demonstration projects, we can accumulate rich experience and overcome many technical problems. At present, Shenhua Group has not only one million ton coal direct liquefaction device, but also one million ton coal indirect liquefaction device. The design water consumption of direct liquefaction unit is 10 tons of oil products, which is less than 6 tons after water-saving transformation; the design water consumption of indirect liquefaction unit is 6.5 tons of oil products. These two devices still have potential in water saving, and it is planned to reduce water consumption by another 20% in a very short period of time in the future.
In addition, the coal to oil filter project is a very complex project. The development of coal to oil industry can promote the development of related industries, such as manufacturing industry, processing industry, material science, etc.
Zhang Jingquan, general manager of Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal Co., Ltd.: Yitai has always been focusing on the production, transportation and marketing of coal. It has experienced the difficult years when coal is dug out but not transported out or sold out, and also experienced the rapid development in the golden period of 10 years. From the perspective of coal industry transformation, coal to oil is an important direction for the transformation and development of coal enterprises. At present, Yitai Coal to oil project has made breakthroughs in water use and conversion efficiency. From the perspective of energy conversion efficiency, the conversion efficiency of direct coal liquefaction can reach 58%, and that of indirect coal liquefaction can reach 43%. These two indicators are far higher than the conversion efficiency of the general thermal power plant of about 40%. In addition, in terms of water use, the coal to oil project of Yitai adopts new water-saving technology, new process and new equipment. The utilization rate of water resources reaches 97%, and the full utilization rate of cooling water can reach 98.7%. At present, the water consumption of ten thousand yuan industrial added value is controlled within 10 tons.
After years of development, China's coal to oil has achieved a good trend of technology diversification and product diversification, and the industrial prototype has basically emerged. How to further promote the development of coal to oil industry?
Yue Fubin: from the perspective of industrial development, we should stabilize the product quality and operation efficiency, and then consider the realization of a larger-scale commercial operation. At present, the coal to oil project is still in the demonstration stage. In addition to achieving new breakthroughs in technology and safety, the economy is also very important.
According to the calculation, the tax burden of diesel oil and naphtha is 36.82% and 58.98% respectively. According to the current sales price, under this tax situation, the coal to oil project can only "lose money and make money". According to the data, in 2016, under the current coal price and tax policies, coal to oil enterprises lost 1392 yuan per ton of diesel oil and 1836 yuan per ton of naphtha.
The oil products produced from coal to oil are based on coal and cannot enjoy the dividend of international crude oil price falling. China's current consumption tax policy does not distinguish the two processes of oil-based and coal-based refining, does not distinguish the mature refining industry from a growing emerging industry, does not distinguish a general production-based industry from a strategic demonstration industry, but blends the coal-based oil with the general oil industry into the tax scope The large-scale commercial development of coal to oil is very unfavorable.
Jiaohongqiao: coal to oil is a technology intensive and capital intensive project. For a 10 million ton refinery, the investment is generally around 16 billion yuan, and its main cost comes from two aspects: the cost of raw crude oil and consumption tax. The investment scale of coal to oil is larger. From the beginning of construction to
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