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Method and wide application of gas filtration
2017-02-22813
Due to the industrial demand, a variety of gases are generally filtered and separated, and their uses and separation methods are as follows:
Industrial gases refer to oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, acetylene, natural gas, etc. Because of their inherent physical and chemical properties, these gases play an important role in the national economy, and they are widely used in almost all walks of life. As an important basic material of modern industry, gas products are widely used in metallurgy, iron and steel, petroleum, chemical industry, machinery, electronics, glass, ceramics, building materials, construction, food processing, medicine and medical treatment and other departments.
The traditional industries with the largest industrial gas consumption include: steel-making, iron making, non-ferrous metal smelting, fertilizer production, ethylene, propylene, polychloroethylene, artificial fiber, synthetic fiber, silica gel rubber products, cables and synthetic leather and other petrochemical industries, welding in the mechanical industry, metal heat treatment, helium leakage, float glass production, etc. Due to the rapid development of these traditional industries in recent years, the consumption of industrial gases has also reached a peak.
The industries in which industrial gas consumption is being used include: coal mine fire fighting, oil exploitation, coal gasification and coal liquefaction, glass melting furnace, cement production kiln, refractory production kiln, brick and tile kiln and other industrial furnaces, food quick freezing, food gas regulating packaging, beer preservation, optics, fuel and superconducting material production in national defense industry, electronics, semiconductor, optical fiber production, agriculture and animal husbandry , fish industry, waste water treatment, bleaching pulp, waste incineration, crushing waste tires and other environmental protection industries, construction, meteorology, culture, cultural relics protection, sports, public security, cold knife in medical and health care industry, oxygen inhalation for critically ill patients, high-pressure oxygen metallurgy, low-temperature refrigeration of human body tubes, anesthesia technology and oxygen bar, etc.
Industrial gas applications are being tested in the following industries: solid nitrogen production, fuel cell production, magnetic material production, ultra-fine processing, natural gas power generation, compressed natural gas vehicle, hydrogen vehicle production, etc.
Industries with more industrial gas consumption, such as iron and steel, chemical fertilizer, chemical industry, glass and chemical fiber industries, all build their own gas production equipment and implement the enterprise management policy of self production and self sale. Some industries with less industrial gas consumption mainly rely on the market to purchase industrial gas
Common gas separation methods and principles in industry
Common industrial gases include oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, liquid ammonia, liquid chlorine, acetylene, hydrogen, etc. There are many production methods of industrial gas. Now we want to introduce some common production methods.
Oxygen
The production method of industrial oxygen mainly uses air filtration separation system (air separation method for short). Its basic principle is to liquefy the air and separate and distill it in the liquefying separator by using the different boiling points of each component in the air to produce oxygen. The research, development and operation of large-scale oxygen generating units make the energy consumption of oxygen generation reduce continuously, and it is easy to produce a variety of air separation products (such as nitrogen, argon and other inert gases) at the same time. In order to facilitate storage and transportation, the liquid oxygen separated by the liquefaction separator is pumped into the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and then transported to each cryogenic liquefied permanent gas filling station by tank car. Liquid nitrogen and liquid argon are also stored and transported by this method
Two, nitrogen
The main production method of industrial nitrogen uses full-automatic filter to remove and separate harmful substances. The nitrogen produced in this way has high purity and low energy consumption. Pressure swing adsorption technology is to use 5A carbon molecular sieve to selectively adsorb the components in the air and separate oxygen and nitrogen to produce nitrogen. The nitrogen product has high pressure and low energy consumption. The purity of the product can meet the national standard requirements: industrial nitrogen ≥ 98.5%, pure nitrogen ≥ 99.95%
Three, ammonia
Ammonia is mainly produced by gas filter separator. The process is as follows: air and water vapor are blown into the red hot coke in the water gas generator to obtain the mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen, and then the raw gas is prepared by the production processes of washing heat exchange, condensation of carbon dioxide and absorption of carbon dioxide. The refined mixed gas is sent to the synthesis reactor through the filter, cooler, ammonia separator and heater to separate the liquid ammonia through the separator.
Four chlorine
The main method of chlorine production in industry is electrolysis of saturated salt water. The high purity chlorine gas is obtained when the active metal is prepared by electrolytic melting chloride. Air or oxygen can be used to catalyze the synthesis of hydrogen chloride, a byproduct of the industry, which can be oxidized to chlorine.
V. acetylene gas
The main methods of acetylene production are calcium carbide hydrolysis, high temperature combustion cracking of methane or hydrocarbon and plasma cracking. The process of calcium carbide hydrolysis is short, the purity of product is high, but the energy consumption is large. This method is used in most dissolved acetylene production. According to the dissolving characteristics of acetylene, acetylene gas is compressed into the solvent and stored in a steel cylinder filled with porous filler. As an excellent solvent, acetone is adsorbed by packing in cylinder to dissolve and release acetylene. Its function is to increase the effective volume of cylinder and reduce the explosion performance of acetylene gas. The function of monolithic calcium silicate porous packing is to absorb acetone uniformly and prevent the propagation of acetylene decomposition explosion. The use of dissolved acetylene cylinder is not only convenient to use and improve work efficiency, but also improve the environment and save carbide consumption. However, the porous packing in the cylinder should not be damaged or polluted. The filling amount of acetone solvent should meet the needs of acetylene gas filling, so as to ensure safety and reliability. Dissolved acetylene
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