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Research progress of VOCs Pollution
2016-12-13549
In recent years, the number of pollution site remediation projects in China has increased rapidly, and the secondary air pollution problem in the process of remediation of pesticide and chemical pollution sites has been widely concerned. In view of the sources of VOCs Pollution in the process of remediation of contaminated sites, it is proposed that scientific and effective construction process management is the main means to cut off the secondary pollution sources from entering the air This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current construction management technology and supervision in China, and reviews the relevant domestic supervision measures and research progress
1. Source analysis of secondary air pollution during repair construction
There are many sources of secondary air pollution in the process of site restoration. For general construction site, air pollution mainly comes from dust and construction machinery waste gas. According to the development and application practice of remediation technology of contaminated sites in China, due to the objective needs, the remediation mode of contaminated sites in China is more heterotopic remediation, that is, through excavation, treatment and backfilling, including landfill, cement kiln co-treatment, in situ heterotopic normal temperature desorption and thermal desorption treatment. Therefore, compared with the general construction site, in addition to the normal construction dust in the contaminated soil remediation site, the excavation, transportation and other links cause large-scale disturbance to the contaminated soil during the heterotopic remediation construction process, which makes the original relatively stable high concentration organic pollutants storage conditions change, and a large number of high concentration organic pollutants are carried by gas and particles In the form of belt, it diffuses rapidly and massively into the air to form secondary pollution, which has adverse effects and hazards on construction workers and surrounding residents. In addition, the emission sources of secondary pollution include the spilled polluted soil in the process of vehicle loading, unloading and transportation, or the volatilization of volatile organic pollutants (VOCs) in the temporary storage area, as well as the waste gas generated by the backwash filter device
2. Cause analysis of secondary air pollution during repair construction
The secondary pollution sources in the restoration project are the internal causes of the secondary air pollution. Therefore, scientific and effective construction process management is the main means to cut off the secondary pollution sources from entering the air. However, there are still many problems in the construction management of the restoration site, which are the external causes of the frequent secondary air pollution
From the perspective of management technology, considering that VOCs is highly volatile, the control technology of this pollution source, the barrier technology of related personnel's exposure path and personnel protection technology (including construction personnel and surrounding people) are insufficient in both understanding and application, and lack of practical experience in applying such technology
From the perspective of supervision, China's supporting management technical specifications for secondary pollution control and environmental management of remediation projects are still basically blank. So far, only the technical guidelines for remediation of soil pollution issued in 2014 has made principle provisions for prevention of secondary pollution. At the same time, environmental supervision in the construction process is lack of corresponding monitoring means. The original construction supervision means are only applicable to conventional engineering projects, and there are a lot of deficiencies in the process of application to environmental protection projects
3. Research trends of secondary air pollution during repair construction at home and abroad
European and American countries have relatively strict management procedures and specifications for the supervision of pollution sites, and put forward corresponding limit or maximum allowable content requirements for the air pollutant content from the investigation and assessment to the restoration stage. For example, the Netherlands Institute of public health and environment has stipulated the maximum allowable content (or risk) of nearly 50 pollutants in the air. During the process of site risk management, site restoration and after the restoration construction, the pollutant content in the air of the site shall be monitored and managed in the whole process. The 369 District of EPA not only stipulates the regional screening level (RSL) of pollutants in the soil under the mode of residential and industrial land, but also specifies the content of pollutants in the air under the mode of residential and industrial land. The interstate technology and regulatory Council (ITRC) of the United States proposes to adopt the concept and method of risk management in the management of contaminated sites. The risk assessment information system (rais) established by Oak Ridge Research Institute of the United States simulated and evaluated the possible particle emission caused by vehicle transportation speed and distance during the construction process; meanwhile, a conceptual model was established for the health risk of workers during the excavation construction, and the exposure path and parameters were proposed to support the health risk of workers during the construction process Risk assessment
As for the supervision of secondary air pollution in polluted sites, there are no pertinent laws and regulations and management systems in China. Most of them adopt the general regulations and standards of air environment protection to implement management and limit. From the perspective of scientific research, scholars in China have paid attention to this kind of problems and carried out corresponding research. For example, room enhancement carried out targeted assessment on the health hazards of construction workers in the process of repairing VOCs contaminated sites, and put forward personal protection suggestions and requirements; analyzed the possible risks in the links of repairing excavation and tail gas filtration equipment of soil gas extraction repair technology for VOCs contaminated sites, and put forward suggestions and measures to control the risks in typical links; Tan The distribution law of gaseous pollutants in the process of repairing and excavating contaminated sites was studied by ice and so on, and the stack of several Gauss puffs was proposed
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